Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) Agilent 8900 Triple Quadrupole

Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) CAMECA SX-100

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) FEI Inspect F50

Micro X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) Bruker M4 Tornado

Handheld/portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) Bruker Tracer IIISD

X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) Malvern Panalytical Empyrean

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) KRATOS Analytical AxisUltra